Levels of Interaction (LoI): A Model for Scaffolding Learner Engagement in an Immersive Environment

In this paper we present a theoretical framework describing an original method for the design of intelligent tutoring environments, building upon the notion of shared attention to scaffold learner engagement. This framework, defined as the Levels of Interaction (LoI) approach, places a focus upon using techniques derived from leisure and serious games in order to foster engagement with the learner. As such, it targets applications wherein the learner/player is immersed in a 3D virtual environment, interacting and exchanging knowledge with an adaptive crowd of conversational agents. The paper describes how approaches based on the LoI paradigm are well suited to application areas such as history and cultural heritage, through a study of the requirements and perspectives of this framework within the context of a virtual model of the ancient city of Rome. Towards a more comprehensive implementation, we also discuss a summary of techniques from Computer Graphics and AI which are prerequisites for maintaining a high level of engagement, and explore how they can be merged inside a consumer PC game.